1. What is Timber Density?

Definition: Timber density (ρ) is the mass per unit volume of wood, typically measured in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

Purpose: Density is a key property affecting timber's strength, durability, and suitability for different construction applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Density (kg/m³)
• \( m \) — Mass of timber (kg)
• \( V \) — Volume of timber (m³)

Explanation: The mass of the timber is divided by its volume to calculate its density.

3. Importance of Timber Density

Details: Density affects:

• Structural strength and load-bearing capacity
• Thermal and acoustic insulation properties
• Workability and machining characteristics
• Durability and resistance to decay

4. Using the Calculator

Tips:

• Measure mass in kilograms (kg)
• Measure volume in cubic meters (m³)
• For irregular shapes, use water displacement method to measure volume

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical density range for common timbers?
A: Most construction timbers range from 400-800 kg/m³, with softwoods generally lighter than hardwoods.

Q2: How does moisture content affect density?
A: Density increases with moisture content. Measurements are often given for 12% moisture content.

Q3: What's the difference between green and dry density?
A: Green density includes all moisture in freshly cut wood, while dry density is measured after oven drying.

Q4: Why does density vary between species?
A: Differences in cell structure, fiber composition, and natural resins cause density variations.

Q5: How does density relate to strength?
A: Generally, higher density timbers have greater strength, but other factors like grain direction also matter.